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| Defines Vulnerability As |
The socio-econmic factors driving uneven capacity for hazard/disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. It highlights where resources might be used most effectively to minimize adverse disaster outcomes. |
The potential for loss of property or life from environmental hazards. Social vulnerability refers to social groups and landscapes that have the potential for loss from environmental hazards events. |
The characteristics of a person or group in terms of their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impacts of a natural hazard. |
The resilience of communities when confronted by external stresses on human health, stresses such as natural or human-caused disasters, or disease outbreaks. |
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2003 - Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards (Cutter et al. – republished in 2012) |
2000 - Revealing the Vulnerability of People and Places (Cutter et al.) |
2012 – Mapping Social Vulnerability to Enhance Housing and Neighborhood Resilience (Van Zandt et al.) |
2011 - A Social Vulnerability Index for Emergency Managers and Planners (Flannagan et al.) |
Number of Citations
(as of 10/22/2025)
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More than 8,938 academic citations |
More than 2,332 academic citations |
More than 342 academic citations |
More than 2,330 academic citations |
Number of Variables in Model
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29 variables selected from a deep dive into disasters literature |
8 variables selected from literature |
17 variables selected from previous models and literature |
15 variables selected from previous models and literature |
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Inductive - typically begin with more than twenty variables, which are reduced to a smaller number of latent variables using principal components analysis and aggregated to compute the index. |
Deductive - consists of up to eight normalized variables that are assembled to compute the index. |
Quasi Hierarchical (Deductive) - Using a use a greater number of indicators that are grouped into thematic subindexes, which are then combined to form the index. |
Quasi Hierarchical (Deductive) - Using a use a greater number of indicators that are grouped into thematic subindexes, which are then combined to form the index. |
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Place Specific. Because vulnerability is highly dependent on where you live SoVI is relative to only those places modeled. Not cross comparative. |
Not place specific. Absolute differences between places and scores can be compared. |
Not place specific. Absolute differences between places and scores can be compared. |
Not place specific. Absolute differences between places and scores can be compared. |
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FEMA’s National Risk Index, Climate Central’s Surging Seas, Florida’s Public Health Risk Assessment Tool, NOAA’s Digital Coast |
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National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network |
National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network |